The AppleTree project revealed that educators should:

• Focus more on the construction of arguments and explanations, to improve subject knowledge and 21st Century Competencies.
• Use the pedagogical model Spiral Model of Collaborative Knowledge Improvement to design and implement collaborative learning activities in classrooms.
• Use real-time learning analytics and assessment to facilitate reflective learning and self-directed learning with the AppleTree system.

How Was AppleTree-Supported Collaborative Argumentation Carried out?

How Does AppleTree-Supported Collaborative Argumentation Work?

This project has developed a computer system called the “AppleTree” and an accompanying pedagogical model “Spiral Model of Collaborative Knowledge Improvement (SMCKI)” to enable collaborative argumentation for science learning.

The AppleTree System

AppleTree is short for Assessing Processes and Products for LEarning (APPLE) by Tracking and Reporting Efficacy and Effectiveness (TREE). As an online platform, it has three main functions:

(1) Argumentation

The AppleTree system supports argumentation by:

(2) Collaborative Learning

The AppleTree system supports collaborative learning through:

(3) Learning Analytics and Assessment for Learning

The AppleTree system provides real-time visual learning analytics on:

These learning analytics help students and teachers monitor the progress of collaborative argumentation.

The Spiral Model of Collaborative Knowledge Improvement (SMCKI)

How should the SMCKI be used?

• This model was developed and embedded in the AppleTree system.
• Teachers can use this model to help students understand the difference between learning individually and learning collaboratively within a class setting.

How does the SMCKI work?

• Individual students first begin with generating their own ideas, before progressively sharing and linking their ideas within and between groups.

Phases of the SMCKI Model detailed:

Evidence from AppleTree-Supported Collaborative Argumentation

After using the AppleTree system and Spiral Model for computer-supported collaborative argumentation, students improved their science learning and 21st century competencies.

For science learning, students:

• Produced better claims supported by evidence with strong logic reasoning.
• Developed a deeper understanding of content knowledge, instead of rote memorization.

For 21st century competencies, students:

• Monitored and adjusted their social participation and cognitive argumentation in real-time.
• Developed a positive attitude towards Science learning.
• Increased their participation & engagement.
• Communicated their ideas, claims and evidence better.
• Engaged in more effective collaborative learning.
• Changed their mindset from “passive learners” to “active learners” who contribute ideas and make hypotheses.

 What Does This Mean for AppleTree-Supported Collaborative Argumentation in Schools?